David Fincher's Seven Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

David Fincher's Seven Film Analysis - Essay Example The article will at first clarify how Seven can be viewed as what Hardy (97, 301) portrays as a ‘neo-noir’ film, while additionally fitting into the New-fierceness film classification, so as to introduce an ordered story structure. It will at that point proceed to talk about parts of account which connect these two classifications and look at the story structure the film follows. At long last, it will concentrate on the neo-noir hero and show how portrayal in the film draws vigorously from this sort. There is a nearby and significant connection between story, portrayal, and mise-en-scene in any film. As Bordwell and Thompson (02, 75) disclose ‘we ought to endeavor to make our translations exact by perceiving how each movies topical implications are recommended by the movies all out framework. In a film, both unequivocal and understood implications rely intently upon the relations among account and style’. It is, in this manner, just when the film is taken in general that its full exhibit of implications rises. Gilles Deleuze contends that the great Hollywood film is hallmarked by ‘action-images’. These activity pictures are, as he clarifies ‘the connection among [milieux and methods of behavior] and all the assortments of this connection. It is this model which delivered the all inclusive triumph of the American cinema.’ (Deleuze, 86, 141) In Deleuze’s meaning of a standard Hollywood film, the character is followed up on by the milieu or the conditions where he gets himself. He is given a circumstance to which he responds so as to adjust the milieu or his relationship to it. He should, in this manner, find what Deleuze (86,141) portrays as a ‘new method of being’ or on the other hand receive his present method of being to satisfy the needs of the circumstance with which he is presented.â

Performance management in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Execution the board in real life - Essay Example Nampak plastics are a South African possessed organization which is a solid entertainer in its industry and is deliberately situated to gracefully the whole United Kingdom. It has eight assembling destinations from Glasgow to Gloucestershire. It was seen that the confidence was low in association and individuals were additionally treated gravely. Barely any workers were seen going around the association to do everything and the rest representatives supposedly sat around viewing. The way of life of the association influenced its clients. Truth be told, Nampak was found as the most exceedingly terrible provider to its clients. Customer’s grievances were additionally coming to everywhere numbers. In this way, it was chosen by the association to build up a heritage on the commitment and contribution of representatives from the base of association to up. Eric Collins, the overseeing chief of Nampak Plastics, led an important overview of representative fulfillment in the organizatio n. In the input, it was discovered that around 80 percent of stunning representatives don't favor Nampak as a work environment with loved ones as they imagined that everything wasn't right. To make its improvement, certain key activities were taken. At first, Collins took the endeavor to meet with clients to hear what is working out positively in the association and what is going gravely. In a meeting with workers, a mind boggling disappointment was seen from the shop floor. Enormous number of faults was leveled towards Eric. Later on, Wright-Smith was designated as the head of HR. The primary activity taken by her was the boycott of word â€Å"engagement†.â€Å"engagement† as she opined that individuals couldn't be locked in by advising them to be locked in. Or maybe, the need of great importance is to run center gatherings by soliciting individuals at different levels from association and at each site with respect to what could make Nampak a superior working spot. Be that as it may, the input raised was not all that great and it offered ascend to the three key subjects. The primary issue was poor correspondence about the business as individuals couldn't comprehend what was happening and they didn't feel included. Besides, the preparation and improvement was poor as the representatives couldn't feel that they hold a vocation there and had any chances of advancement. In conclusion, they didn't get any input on their presentation as their chiefs didn't make any correspondence with them. Concentrate on forefront directors It was choose to actualize an arrangement of far reaching execution the executives. It was solicited to the gathering from representatives with respect to what they needed. They addressed that they needed goals as well as self-improvement. Along these lines, the organization gave preparing to all the supervisors, focussing that it is the nature of discussion that tallies a great deal, not only an appropriate filling of structure.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) Now Offers Free Cloud Access

Amazon Web Services (AWS) Now Offers Free Cloud Access Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Amazon Web Services (AWS) Now Offers Free Cloud AccessUpdated On 22/10/2010Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : TechnologyShort URL : http://hbb.me/12JEdzF CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe Amazon Web Services (AWS) are a collection of remote computing services (also called web services) that together make up a cloud computing platform, offered over the Internet by Amazon.com. They provide online services for other web sites or client-side applications.To help new AWS customers get started in the cloud, AWS is now introducing a new free usage tier. New AWS customers will be able to run a free Amazon EC2 Micro Instance for a year. Starting on November 1, new AWS users will be able to take advantage of the following services for a year for free.In addition to these services, the AWS Management Console is available at no charge to help you build and manage your application on AWS.AWS Free Usage Tier (Per Month):750 hours of Amazon EC2 Linux Micro Instance usage (613 MB of memory and 32-bit and 64-bit platform support) â€" enough hours to run continuously each month*750 hours of an Elastic Load Balancer plus 15 GB data processing*10 GB of Amazon Elastic Block Storage, plus 1 million I/Os, 1 GB of snapshot storage, 10,000 snapshot Get Requests and 1,000 snapshot Put Requests*5 GB of Amazon S3 storage, 20,000 Get Requests, and 2,000 Put Requests*30 GB per of internet data transfer (15 GB of data transfer “in” and 15 GB of data transfer “out” across all services except Amazon CloudFront)*25 Amazon SimpleDB Machine Hours and 1 GB of Storage**100,000 Requests of Amazon Simple Queue Service**100,000 Requests, 100,000 HTTP notifications and 1,000 email notifications for Amazon Simple Notification Service**READ6 Basic Video Editing Techniques Everyone Should KnowAWS’s free usage tier starts November 1, 2010. But unfortunately a valid credit card is req uired to sign up.

The Right Kind Of Care - 795 Words

The Right Kind of Care Cultural identities and our personalities affect our perceptions. There’s a tendency to favor others who exhibit cultural or personality traits that match up with our own. Effective communication with people of different cultures can be especially challenging. Intercultural communication occurs when a member from one culture produces a message that absorbed by a member of another culture. As stated by (Jandt, 2015), â€Å"human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of selection, organization, and interpretation, each of these steps is affected by culture. The first step in the perception process is the selection. Within your substantial limitation, you are exposed to more stimuli than you could manage. The second step in the perception process is organization. Along with selecting stimuli from the environment, you must organize them in some meaningful way. The third step in the perception process is interpretation. This refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding†. The most important thing is to keep in mind about verbal and nonverbal behavior in intercultural communication is that they do not translate across cultures quickly and can lead to serious misunderstanding. Susan Elliot had two interviewees, Donell Chamberlain, and Vivian Minn that she was interviewing for the care of her Grandmother, who are of different ethnic background. Therefore, their verbal and nonverbal cues along with Grandmother will beShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Right Kind Of Care Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe video of â€Å"The Right Kind of Care† shows various verbal and nonverbal cues. During the conversation, it appears that Darnell was much more confident and extroverted. This became a staple point of having a fluent and more comfortable interview, which made them. He expressed the qualifications he had and went into depth, which made his interview a more successful interview for both parties. However, the issue with Darnell is that he would stand ou t in the crowd when taking care of the grandmotherRead MoreImpact Of Quality On Managed Care Contracting And Pricing802 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Quality on Managed Care Contracting and Pricing Healthcare industry provides services to people who have some kind of disease or illness. Because it is directly connected to life and its wellbeing, it is important that these services have some high quality measurements to evaluate that they are good enough to save life and will not bring any harm. Importance of quality of healthcare treatment There are many reasons for why one would like to get high quality treatment. The main reason isRead MoreVelasquez And His Four Ethical Precepts1260 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards are specifically discussed in Chapter 2 of his book, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases. These four standards or principles are usually used as a guide for people to considerate in making business decisions, which are the utility, rights, the justice and the care. They are described and explained with examples respectively below to indicate basic principles that people should follow as a member of a group when working for a same goal. Manuel G. Velasquez is a business ethics philosopher and isRead MoreEssay on An Argument Against Cloning1198 Words   |  5 Pagesgenetic knowledge is growing. Callahan asks the question of what kind of society (soil) is most likely be hazardous and introduces three patterns: 1) societies that demonize death and illness; 2) those societies that want to find biological solutions to social problems; and 3) societies with postmodern theory that there is no common social good, only a plurality of individual goods. In his essay Callahan is concerned about what kind of society we out to be and become before genetic technology canRead MoreCase Involving Mr. Jones At Age 251287 Words   |  6 Pagesseverely damaged. So he had to take full burn therapy that was commenced during his stay. This case raises the question whether it is right to continue the procedure with the patient receiving pain. The reason this case is important because we either have to agree or disagree with the choices ma de by the physician. That it is important that the physicians should be taking care of their patients and making sure they cause no harm to the patients. I will be arguing that I disagree with the physician in thisRead MoreConcerns Over Health Care Services in Finland1229 Words   |  5 Pagesto arrange health care services. When produce municipal renewal, ethical issues is concerning about citizens equal right to health care. This topic is particularly concerning immigrants, refugees or other minorities too as older people and handicapped people. It concerns also people in rural area or smaller cities. In other hand this is about citizens’ equal possibility to take care of them and participate to health related issues. Other issue concerning immigrants is medical care of people withoutRead MoreMedicaid s Plan And Affordable Care Act1380 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal care services (CMS, 2015). It was created to help people with more everyday kind of service, more detailed a nd more specific. Mainly was there in first place to help and support Americans with low-income, and later on lot more guidelines and changes began happening to Medicaid. Medicaid’s plan and Affordable Care Act was planning and outlining to have a universal coverage in a way of reforming health care law. Since the larger goal of coverage in health is to improve access to care, the indicationRead MoreSicko: A Scathing Critique of the American Healthcare System774 Words   |  3 Pages1. Michael Moores documentary film Sicko explored the health care systems in the United States, Canada, England, France and Cuba. The United States is the only industrialized country in the West that does not provide universal health care coverage to its citizens. Using concepts of American political culture, please explain why it is that the United States does not provide universal health care to its citizens. Be sure to address how our political culture differs from those of the nations exploredRead MorePrinciples and Values Which Underpin the Support for Individual Who Use Services901 Words   |  4 PagesIn Health and Social Care setting the word Ethics is pla ce as this are a moral code principles and philosophy when working in this setting. Ethical working in this setting includes respecting the principles and values which underpin the support for individuals who’s in St. Anne’s Community Services which is part of the organisation who look after of a homeless people. Ethical consideration has different kinds of treatment with in Health and Social Care setting which are: social justice, a personRead MoreHealth Care Reform And Insurance1583 Words   |  7 Pageswe receive health care? In today society, health care services are imbalanced in serving its members. Reform is what is desired of most people who feel that the present standards are insufficient. In fact, numerous reports have surfaced in support of the rights to health care. There will be different reviews examined to determine how health care reform can accommodate the misfortune as well as the fortunate. Inequalities and cost has attributed to the deficient quality of care that is available

Caryl Phillips The Nature of Blood Essay - 3229 Words

Caryl Phillips The Nature of Blood On its most immediate level, Caryl Phillips’ The Nature of Blood narrates several stories of the Jewish Diaspora, using the familiar Shakespearean character Othello to provide a counterpoint to the others’ experiences of displacement. The Nature of Blood thus initially seems to fit awkwardly among texts by other West Indian authors who use the Caribbean as the setting of their work or incorporate West Indian characters into their work. Through his multi-stranded narrative, however, Phillips creates a geographical setting that mirrors the multi-regional influence of the Caribbean. The triangular space of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa shaped by the character’s stories parallels the historical†¦show more content†¦This triangular situation of spaces in turn allows Phillips, while not specifically addressing the region, to explore the condition of the Caribbean diaspora. The first narrative of The Nature of Blood unsettles the existence of geographical â€Å"home† by questioning optimistic views of settlement. Stephan opens the novel, explaining plans for the creation of the new state of Israel to Moshe, a Romanian Holocaust survivor. Their dialogue reveals Moshe’s unease with the claim to Israel as a new Jewish state, even as Stephan expresses optimism: â€Å"‘Tell me, what will be the name of the country?’ ‘Our country,’ I said. ‘The country will belong to you too’† (Phillips 3). While Stephan insists upon claiming Israel both for himself and Moshe, Moshe resists this possessiveness, hence his inquiry about â€Å"the country† rather than â€Å"his country.† Even after Stephan asserts that Moshe has as much stake in Israel as the other settlers, Moshe hesitates, failing even to remember the name of the new country. At the same time that Stephan and Moshe’s dialogue questions resettlement, the prose of the novel’s opening establishes Moshe as part of a diasporic population. The narrator describes Moshe as one of â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Of African Diaspora1616 Words   |  7 Pagestravelogue presents a deep scepticism about the terms like ‘home’, ‘family’, ‘identity’ etc. According to Wendy W. Walters, â€Å"for Phillips the concept of Diaspora refuses to rest on a false binary between home and exile, and his work repeatedly mines the complicated archives of both black and white histories of slavery, exposing their endlessly interrelated natures† (112). Caryl Phillips as a black Briton traces many complex meanings of the terms Diaspora. The term African Diaspora is applied to dislocation

Career Plan For An Athletic Career Planning Program Essay

Each of the previous sections highlighted the need for an athletic career planning program or discussed components that would comprise such a program. However, preexisting career-planning for athletes has not been formally addressed (Beauchemin, 2014; Lavallee, 2005; Morris Cherry, 2007; Stambulova, 2010). An evaluation of methods, outcomes, and limitations of preexisting models will ideally benefit the overall strength and clinical utility of the current program. In addition to career-planning models, an athlete transitioning out of sport would also likely benefit from incorporating wellness models, as wellness models have improved individuals’ exercise activity, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction (Connolly Myers, 2003; Gieck, Olsen, 2007). Several wellness models currently in existence (i.e., Ford Gordon, 1999; Hattie, Myers Sweeney, 2004; Myers, Sweeney Witmer, 2000; Myers Sweeney, 2004) have been applied to multiple populations (e.g., counselors, professionals, students, and in therapy) but have not been formally applied to a sport population. However, Beauchemin (2014) developed a wellness model that was formally implemented with student-athletes. To examine the effects of an integrative outreach model on college student-athletes, Beauchemin (2014) administered self-report measures and qualitative interviews to the athletes. The purpose of this model was to increase awareness and improve attitudes about the importance of mental healthShow MoreRelatedExperience Related Information : My Job Title At The University Of Toledo1629 Words   |  7 Pagestitle at the University of Toledo was a Sales/Marketing Assistant. My position supported the Assistant Athletic Director for Marketing and Sales and Marketing Graduate Assistants in creating, developing and implementing marketing and promotional plans for the purpose of maximizing fan awareness, attendance and game atmosphere while increasing revenue for the University of Toledo varsity athletic programs. (I would cite here) Below are my day-to-day tasks: †¢ Generate season tickets, individual game ticketsRead MoreWhat do I want to be when I’m older? Athletic Training Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesresearched careers, they may already know. Everyone has different interests; therefore, everybody will most likely want to do a different career. In life, people don’t normally end up working with their friends from high school or college; they branch off into their careers and may never really talk to them again. People do not choose careers from what their friends want to do. People choose from their interests in life, so researching careers is important when finding a job. The world of careers is massive:Read MoreCollege Sports Vs. Modern Day Sports1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide students with a â€Å"physical release† (Rowing at Penn np). Modern day sports are more focused around publicity and being the best regardless of what it takes; it seems there are more negative aspects of college athletics than pos itive anymore. Universities should jettison athletic programs. On the contrary, football alone averaged 46,000 fans in attendance per collegiate game in 2015. (National Football Foundation np). In comparison, it would be similar to the whole city of Ankeny attending a footballRead MorePersonal Statement : Athletic Director1295 Words   |  6 Pagessport. My long term goal for a career, I want to be an Athletic Director for a college. In order to become an Athletic Director there are certain step that someone needs to do in college to try and have the best chance at getting their dream job. Athletic Director is not a career that a person just graduated from college and gets hired by a school, they must work their way up from an entry level job and slowly moves their way up. Job Duties Being an athletic director is a job that has manyRead MoreStudent Success And Support Services Program Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesResearch/Policy Topic Analysis: Student Success and Support Services Program (SSSP) Background The Student Success and Support Program (SSSP) for California community colleges arose as a result of the Senate Bill 1456 with a mission â€Å"to increase California community college student access and success by providing effective core matriculation services, including orientation, assessment and placement, counseling, and other educational planning services, and academic interventions,† or follow-up services forRead MoreAthletes Are A Good Thing For Academics1339 Words   |  6 Pages Athletics and Academics Athletics and academics go hand in hand, in college. There is a direct connection between the two. Although numerous of people could say that this association is viewed as a con, it frequently depends on the level of competition or determination made by the athlete. The truth behind this association is that athletics are a good thing for academics. The stereotype â€Å"dumb jock† has an extensive history in the American culture. But only in the 1970 s did the media begin seriouslyRead MoreAdmission Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAdministration. I plan to be in school for a total of eight years. I plan to be in school for a total of eight years due to the fact, I want to earn more money in my career choice. It will take two years to complete my Associate degree in Miami-Dade college and I transfer out to Florida International University to complete my bachelors degree for an additional four years. From there on, I plan to complete my masters degree at Nova Southeastern Univer sity. The top three universities that offer my program is currentlyRead MoreLet Me Teach You About My Career Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesSummer Kaylor Mr. Howard DE COMP 1 Essay 4 6 Oct. 2016 Let me TEACH you about my career As a child, I had always contemplated the career I would choose when entering college. When I begin my first years of Elementary school, I knew I had a passion for sharing my knowledge with teachers as well as fellow classmates. I was always eager to do tasks for my teachers. I would voluntarily take papers to the office, make extra copies of assignments, or easy things, such as scolding students to stay onRead MorePersonal Narratives Of Former Professional Rugby Players Who Suffered Career Ending Injuries1792 Words   |  8 PagesHurley (2014) examined the personal narratives of former professional rugby players who suffered career-ending injuries. The rugby players competed at the national and/or international levels at some point during their careers (Hurley, 2014). The interviews were structured to address athletes’ psychological reactions to injury and their experience with the retirement process. Prior to data collection, Hurley (2014) conducted a pilot study to gain experience conducting the interview and to evaluateRead MoreAthletes And Athletes Should Not Be Paid3056 Words   |  13 Pagesfocus rather than academics. Athletes not understanding the importance of education and earning a degree, has been the cause of athletes not having a back up plan after their college careers are over. Not every athlete makes it to the professional, so once they graduate from college or leave the real world is awaiting and starting a career can be very challenging. So now, rather than later its time to showing student-athletes the importance of why they need to work as hard as possible to be able

Destination Research Report Tourism Sector of South Korea

Question: Conduct an analysis of South Korea as a tourism destination and write a research Report? Answer: Abstract: Tourism sector of South Korea influences economical growth of the country. In last few years number of tourists in South Korea increased rapidly. With the increase in number of tourists, the tourism sector of the country is also experiencing change in nature of tourists. High growth of tourism also led to problems related with lack of infrastructure and safety of tourists. In this report, the push and pull factors for Korean tourism are discussed. The report also contains analysis of strategies for promotion of tourism in Korea.oghHghH 1. Introduction: Chen et al., (2013) opines that the nature of international tourists is changing rapidly. Analysis of the emerging tourism trends indicates that large number of tourists prefers to visit south Asian countries. South Korea one of the emerging tourist spots in Asia. Analysis of the growth in number of tourists visiting South Korea indicates that the visitors are not only attracted by historical places, natural beauty and cultural heritage of the country also attracts tourists. Population of South Korea is approximately 51 million Bigley et al. (2010). More than 80% of the total population lives in urban areas (Guichard-Anguis and Moon, 2009). High cultural diversity is seen among Korean population. According to An (2013) Korean traditional culture is influenced by Japanese and western culture. Although Korean culture s influenced by different cultures, features of multicultural society is not evident till now (Cai et al., 2009). Conrady and Buck (2012) consider that the tourists are at tracted not only by natural beauty, but the opportunity for experiencing cultural activities also increases the number of tourists. 2. Analysis on Push Factors: According to (asds) origin of a tourist influences on the motivation for visiting a place. On other hand, Griffin and Raj, (2012) considers that behavior of tourists is greatly impacted by need for relaxation and social -interaction. Number of international tourists is increasing rapidly in Korea Waitt (2015). However the tourists from different countries visit Korea due to presence of different motivational factors. In this report, countries from where most of the tourists visit Korea are indentified. Similarities among these push factor are also analyzed. 2.1 List of source markets: Analysis of the nationality of tourists indicates that the most of the tourists visiting South Korea belong to East Asian and Asia Pacific countries. It is observed that number of Chinese tourists is highest among international tourists. Korean tourism sector experienced rapid increase in the number of Chinese tourists in past few years. Japanese tourists account for a significant portion of total international tourists in South Korea. However, Hsu and Gartner (2012) opined that the number of Japanese tourists in Korea is decreasing gradually due to fluctuation in Japanese economy. Analysis in the nationality of tourists indicates that Taiwan can be considered as one of the most profitable source markets for Korean Tourism Industry. Other Asian countries from where large number of tourists visits Korea are Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia Singapore etc. Findings of the analysis also reflects that most if the tourist who belong to Japan ,Taiwan ,Hong Kong are female. On other hand, numbe r of male tourists is more in tourists groups of Indonesia, Singapore and Myanmar. Figure 1: Number of tourists in South Korea from different countries (Source: Kto.visitkorea.or.kr, 2015) Apart from Asian tourists a large number of American and European tourists visit South Korea every year. Most of the European tourists in South Korea belong to UK. Other European countries which can be considered as source markets for Korean tourism sector are Germany France and Italy. Huge number of tourists from US also prefers to visit Korea. 2.2 Key push factors from three source countries: China Japan Taiwan Relaxation Professional purposes Meeting with relatives Relaxation Educational purposes Relationship between two countries Relaxation Table 1: Key push factors for tourists from China, Japan and Taiwan Analysis on the number of tourists in South Korea indicates that most of the tourists come from countries such as China, Japan and Taiwan Hyun and Cho (2014) stated that activities of a tourist are influenced by motivational factors. Push factors of tourists from main source countries can be identified by analyzing their activities in Korea. Push factors for Chinese tourists: Previously Chinese tourists visited Korea for business purposes. However the nature of Chinese tourists changed and analysis on the current activities of these tourists indicates that most of them visit Korea for relaxation (Kim et al., 2013). However significant number of Chinese tourists still visits Korea for business. A large portion of tourists from china visit Korea for meeting with their friends and relatives. Analysis on the activities of Chinese tourists indicates that main push factors are -relaxation, social interaction and professional activity. (Refer to appendix 3) Relaxation: In recent years expenditure of Chinese tourists increased significantly during their visit in South Korea. Although most of the Chinese tourists are attracted by natural beauty and cultural heritage of Korea, the number of people who visit the country for shopping or skincare treatments is also increasing rapidly. Push factors for Japanese tourists: Most of the Japanese tourists consider Korea as their destination for shopping. Korean War not only led to loss of lives, but it also transformed the traditional South Korean society. Impacts of this war are still evident in Demilitarized zones of Korea. Large number of Japanese tourists prefers to visit Korean War related places. Apart from this opportunity of experiencing rural culture is one of the main attractions for Japanese tourists. The current discussion on the activities of Japanese tourists indicates that these tourists visit Korea for relaxation and educational purposes. Relaxation: According to Koehler (2012) Japanese tourists focus more on shopping than any other ethnic groups. Most of the Japanese tourists spend more time in shopping while visiting Korea. Large number of the Japanese tourists prefers visiting shopping centers, food courts and other entertainment zones in Korea. Although Japanese people prefer more to travel in groups, the number of single tourists is also high in Korea. Analysis on the spending nature of these tourist groups also reflects that most of the Japanese people come to Korea for spending their leisure. Educational purpose: Although it is observed that Japanese people are more interested in shopping while visiting Korea, demilitarized zones of the country are one of the main centers of attraction for these tourists (Kyoung-Jin, 2012). Most of the tourists who visit areas related with Korean War intend to know about the impacts of war. Understanding the relation between North and South Korea is also one of the main purposes of Japanese visitors in this country. Push factors for tourists from Taiwan: Number of tourists in South Korea from Taiwan increased due to close relationship between two countries. The tourists from Taiwan visit South Korea not only for spending vacations, but they are also interested for experiencing social life of the country (Oh, 2012). It indicates that need for relaxation and social interaction are main push factors for the tourists from Taiwan. 2.3 Analysis on potential similarities and differences: Discussion on the push factors of tourists from different countries indicates that most of the tourists visit South Korea for spending their vacations. However the activities of these tourists are different for each tourist group. Previously the Chinese tourists visited Korea for fulfilling their professional requirements. Tourists from China preferred more to get experience of the cultural heritage of the country instead of spending on shopping and other entertainment activities. On other hand, opportunities for shopping in South Korea motivated Japanese tourists greatly to visit the country. Analysis on the recent push factors for Chinese tourists indicates that these tourist groups are spending more for shopping and entertainment than other tourist groups in Korea. Due to instability in Japanese economy, tourists from this country are reducing their expenditure on shopping while visiting Korea. However a significant number of Japanese tourists visit Korea for educational purposes. Tourism between South Korea and Taiwan is influenced by the relationship between toe countries. Need for understanding the society of Korea is one of the main push factors for tourists coming from Taiwan. However tourists from this country also spend for shopping and relaxation. 3. Analysis of key pull factors: Pesonen et al., (2011) opined that pull factors of a destination influences the perception of tourists about that place. Attributes of a destination are acts as pull factors for the place (Woo, 2009). However White and Frew, (2013) suggests that analysis of pull factors is effective to identify the potential tourists of a destination. 3.1 Pull and motivational factors: Analysis of tourists activities in South Korea indicates that natural beauty, local cuisine, cultural heritage, shopping opportunities and historical places are the main pull factors of tourists in Korea. However the availability of low cost treatment opportunities also attracts large number of medical tourists from different countries in Korea. International tourists in Korea are also attracted by ancient temples and other religious centers of the country. In case of Asian tourists availability of low cost aviation services also act as pull factors. National parks and beaches of Korea: There are 20 national parks at different places of Korea (English.knps.or.kr, 2015). These parks are rich in biodiversity. Conservation of wildlife in these parks attracts many visitors in Korea (Griffin and Raj, 2012). Presence of rare animals also increases the number of tourists in these national parks. Apart from enjoying nature, the visitors of national parks can also experience several outdoor activities including hiking, water sports and skiing. However most of these national parks provide visitors with accommodation facilities. Luxurious accommodation facilities along with outdoor activities attract tourists to the national parks of Korea. Large number of tourists visits Korea being attracted by its sea beaches. Every beach of Korea is different from another. Tourists visiting this country are provided with the opportunities of experiencing water sports in these beaches. (refer to appendix 4) Local cuisine: Korean Cuisine is another pull factor which motivates tourists for visiting the country (Oh, 2012). Visitors of Korea are provided with large variety of seasonal foods. Opportunities for getting experience of unique recipes influence the tourists to visit Korea. Famous seafood also impacts on the number of tourists in the country. Cultural heritage: The tourists who visit Korea for spending vacations are attracted by rich cultural heritage of the country. Tourism authority of Korea promotes rural tourism for providing the visitors with experiences of traditional Korean culture. Korea is also famous for several festivals. Different festivals are arranged throughout the year as a part of cultural activities in South Korea. These festivals in different seasons attract the visitors who want to spent leisure in Korea. Shopping opportunities: Analysis on the activities of tourists from top 3 source countries indicates that most of the visitors from these countries are attracted to Korea because of low cost shopping opportunities. Seoul apart from being capital of the nation is one of the main centers of shopping. The visitors in Korea get chances of busying products at low cost from both international and Korean brands. Some of the shopping centers of this country provide duty free shopping opportunities. Variety of products and experiences of low cost shopping is one of the most important motivational factors for international tourists in Korea. Historical places: Pesonen et al., (2011)stated that presence of historical places in a country increase the number of tourists who visit a destination for educational purpose. Although the ancient palaces and other historical places are visited by tourists who come to Korea for educational purposes, these places also attracts the tourists who come for relaxation. However the relation of Korea with other nations also attracts travelers for visiting historical places of the country. Availability of low cost treatment opportunities: Presence of advanced technological infrastructure attracts medical tourists in Korea (White and Frew, 2013). Tourists are also attracted by low cost treatment facilities. Most of the medical tourists in Korea visit the country for skin care treatments. The number of medical tourists requiring diabetes and other complex disease treatments is also increasing. 3.2 Tourist destinations of Korea: Places Features National parks Wild life Accommodation facilities Outdoor activities Beaches Natural beauty Water sports Bathing opportunities at Daecheon beach Seoul Ancient palaces Shopping opportunities Lotte world theme park Cultural centers (Buckchon Hanok Village,Insa-Dong) Cuisine centers Medical tourism facilities Demilitarized Zones of Korea Historical Border between North and south Korea Rich ecology of DMZ Yoelsoe Observatory Aegibong peak Slow cities of Korea Relaxation opportunities Ecotourism facilities Wetlands in Korea (Ramsar and Uponeup) Migratory birds wildlife Natural heritage destinations of UNESCO (Jeju Volcanic Island, Lava tubes, Yongcheon cave, Seongsan park, Mount Hallasan natural Researve ) Wildlife Unique Geological features Table 2: Destinations in South Korea and their features National parks of Korea: Pull factors for the national parks of Korea are wildlife, outdoor activities and accommodation facilities. National parks are considered as the most visited places by international tourists. As the tourism authority arranges for providing accommodation to the visitors, attractiveness of these parks increases significantly. Although the national parks are used for conserving wildlife, tourist get opportunities for various outdoor activities Infrastructure for skiing and other activities makes these parks more attractive to visitors. Breaches of Korea: Large number of tourists visits beaches of South Korea for enjoying natural beauty. However the facilities of water sport at Jungmun beach increase the number of tourists. Unique bathing experiences of Daecheon beach also attract the tourists. Seoul: Rich cultural heritage of Seoul is its main attraction. () suggests that the demand of is increasing for growth of tourism. () also opines that both international and domestic tourists prefer to visit theme parks. Presence of Lotte theme park increased the number of tourists in Seoul significantly. Tourists in Korea are also attracted by the unique food courts and low cost shopping streets of the city. As significant portion of tourists visit Korea for experiencing traditional culture, presence of cultural centers like Buckchon Hanok Village and Insa-Dong impacts on the number of tourists in this city. Medical tourists account for a significant portion of total international tourist groups in Korea. Hospitals of Seoul are main centers of medical tourism of the country. Facilities for medical treatments increase attract medical tourists in Seoul. Demilitarized Zones of Korea: The visitors in Demilitarized Zones of Korea are mainly attracted by the historical border between north and South Korea. Places like Yoelsoe Observatory and Aegibong peak provides the tourists with opportunities of viewing North Korea. Chances of site seeing at Demilitarized Zones attract more tourists at this place. Wetlands in Korea: The wetlands of Korea are visited by tourists as these centers provide the visitors with opportunities of viewing several migratory birds. Natural beauty of this wetland is also at the center of attraction of the visitors. Natural heritage destinations of UNESCO: UNESCO declared natural heritage destinations include tourist spots like Jeju Volcanic Island, Lava tubes, Yongcheon cave, Seongsan Park, Mount Hallasan natural Researve etc (English.visitkorea.or.kr, 2015). Jeju Volcanic Island and Mount Hallasan natural Researve are famous for their biodiversity. On other hand tourists visit the places Lava tubes and Yongcheon cave for unique geological features. 4. Assessment of the effectiveness of tourism industry: An (2013) opined that the number of visitors in a tourist spot depends on the presence of facilities at that spot. As stated by Prayag and Ryan, (2011) presence of infrastructure is important for the growth of tourism in a country. Analysis of the tourism industry in South Korea indicates that the number of tourists in the country is increasing. Most of the tourists who visit the country are attracted by the opportunities of relaxation. Analysis of the nature of tourists indicates that a significant number of tourists spend their time in shopping during their tour in South Korea. The shopping centers of this country provide the visitors with opportunities for choosing the most suitable products from large variety of products. Apart from this at some centers the shopping is completely duty free. Some shopping centers also provide the buyers with opportunities for free delivery of products at hotels and airports. Presence of accommodation facilities impacts on the returning of tourists to a place (Conrady and Buck, 2012). As the tourists in Korea are provide with advanced accommodation facilities even in wildlife reservation parks, the number of visitors increases at these places. However the growth of tourism in Korea is also influenced by presence of sports and other outdoor activities infrastructure. Presence of advanced transportation infrastructure increases the arrival of tourists in a country. As the availability of low cost airlines increased in last few years growth rate of tourism sectors in South Korea also increased significantly. 4.1 Destinations representation in promotional material: Tourism activities of South Korea are mainly promoted by the government. Government websites play an important role in the promotional activities. The images of tourist spots in Korea are presented using thus website along with descriptions. The government also uses online courses for promoting tourism (English.visitkorea.or.kr, 2015). Students who complete these courses successfully are appointed for promoting the tourism activities in Korea. 4.2 Managing of tourism in destinations: Although the number of tourists is increasing in Korea, tourism sectors of the country is facing some challenges. With the growth of tourism, the cases of theft and scams also increased significantly in past years. With the increases in number of tourists, the task of providing accommodation facilities at affordable rate to tourists is becoming difficult. The complaints regarding over pricing of products and illegal taxis also increased. Hsu and Gartner (2012) opined that lack of any standard quality assurance policies in tourism sector of South Korea is affecting the growth. Growth of tourism in South Korea is limited by inefficient marketing activities (Kyoung-Jin, 2012). 5. Conclusions: Analysis on Korean tourism indicates that the sector is experiencing high growth rate in recent year. Although the government is taking initiatives to promote tourism, problems related with theft, scam and over pricing are increasing. Increase in the number of tourists also indicates that the existing infrastructure requires being improved for retaining the growth rate of tourism sector. The analysis also reflects that the nature of tourists in Korea o is changing rapidly and new services require being included for meeting the needs of visitors. Although most of the tourists in Korea come from China, Japan and Taiwan, identification of potential source countries will increases the growth rate. References An, D. (2013). Understanding Medical Tourists in Korea: Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Medical Tourism among Patients from the USA, Russia, Japan, and China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(10), pp.1141-1169. Bigley, J., Lee, C., Chon, J. and Yoon, Y. (2010). Motivations for War-related Tourism: A Case of DMZ Visitors in Korea. Tourism Geographies, 12(3), pp.371-394. Cai, L., Gartner, W. and Munar, A. (2009). Tourism branding. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Pub. Chen, F., Liu, Y. and Hua, G. (2013). LTLGB 2012. Berlin: Springer. Conrady, R. and Buck, M. (2012). Trends and issues in global tourism 2012. Berlin: Springer. English.knps.or.kr, (2015). Korea National Park. [online] Available at: https://english.knps.or.kr/Knp/AboutNP.aspx [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. English.visitkorea.or.kr, (2015). Official Site of Korea Tourism Org.: National Symbols | Official Korea Tourism Organization. [online] Available at: https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/AK/AK_EN_1_4_1.jsp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. English.visitkorea.or.kr, (2015). Official Site of Korea Tourism Org.: Online Korean Classes. [online] Available at: https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/CU/CU_EN_8_6_1_3.jsp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. English.visitkorea.or.kr, (2015). Sights. [online] Available at: https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_2_4.jsp?recommCid=803218folderId=19917 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2015]. Griffin, K. and Raj, R. (2012). Reflecting on religious tourism and pilgrimage 2012. Arnhem: ATLAS Association for Tourism and Leisure Education. Guichard-Anguis, S. and Moon, O. (2009). Japanese tourism and travel culture. London: Routledge. Hsu, C. and Gartner, W. (2012). The Routledge handbook of tourism research. London: Routledge. Hyun, M. and Cho, B. (2014). A Study on the Improvement of Service Quality in Medical Tourism by Combining Service Blueprint and AHP. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 15(4), pp.1895-1904. Kim, S., Lee, J. and Jung, J. (2013). Assessment of Medical Tourism Development in Korea for the Achievement of Competitive Advantages. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), pp.421-445. Koehler, R. (2012). Korea. Seoul, Korea: Seoul Selection. Kto.visitkorea.or.kr, (2015). Korea, Monthly Statistics of Tourism | key facts on toursim | Tourism Statistics. [online] Available at: https://kto.visitkorea.or.kr/eng/tourismStatics/keyFacts/KoreaMonthlyStatistics.kto [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Kyoung-Jin, L. (2012). The Present Status and Problems of Korean Environment Festivals : With Special Reference to the Position and Developmental Directions of Eco-Festivals. jepa. Moon-soo, P. (2015). Effects of Chinese Tourism Surge on Korean Economy - :: KOREA FOCUS ::. [online] Koreafocus.or.kr. Available at: https://www.koreafocus.or.kr/design2/layout/content_print.asp?group_id=105561 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Oh, S. (2012). A Literature Review of Traditional Foods in Korean Festivals in the Joseon Dynasty. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition, 25(1), pp.32-49. Pesonen, J., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C. and Peters, M. (2011). Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism. Tourism Review, 66(3), pp.32-49. Prayag, G. and Ryan, C. (2011). The relationship between the push and pull factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality an analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), pp.121-143. Waitt, G. (2015). Marketing Korea as an international tourist destination. [online] Available at: https://project2225.wikispaces.com/file/view/Korea.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. White, L. and Frew, E. (2013). Dark Tourism and Place Identity. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Woo, B. (2009). Medical Tourism and the Future of Medical Practice in Korea. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 52(9), p.844.

Porter Five Forces Analysis free essay sample

The entrenched position of the Indian market leaders in IT industry like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, CTS, Tech Mahindra; The changing environment demands fresh thinking to gain the cutting edge advantage. This paper attempts to look at the various macro and micro environmental factors operating in the industry using. The model of strategic analysis by Michael Porter, i. e. to analyse the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, intensity of rivalry, impact of technological changes, growth and volatility of the market and the influence of government and regulatory interventions. These variables affecting the industry have been categorised as favourable or adverse depending on the influence on the profitability of the industry. Some strategic initiatives, which can be adopted, to leverage the favorable forces and prevent the adverse ones have been identified. This paper attempts to analyse the various macro and micro environmental factors operating in the industry to provide a basis for devising strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Porter Five Forces Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page IT INDUSTRY OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION India IT industry is one of the world’s successful information technology industries. Measured by the age of many industries, the IT industry in India is still in its infancy. Yet its growth and development has caught the attention of the world so much so that India is now being identified as the major powerhouse for incremental development of computer software. The reason for this attention is not the actual size of the industry but its rapid growth rate over the nineties and subsequent decade. It has grown from US $ 150million (source: NASSCOM) in 1991-92 to US $ 64 billion in year 2008. The industry’s contribution to India’s GDP has grown significantly from 1. % in 1999-2000 to around 5% in FY06, and has been estimated to cross 5. 5% in FY2010. The sector has been growing at an annual rate of 28% per annum since FY01. The Indian IT industry can be mainly categorised into following sectors IT services, IT enabled services and BPO, Research Development, Software Product and Hardware. IT INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE The size of the Indian IT industry, according to NASSCOM, is US$ 64 billion as of year 2008. It has been growing with an annual rate of 28% since 2001. The Indian IT industry can be broadly divided into two markets: domestic market and exports market. The elements of each of the above forces and the extent and /or effect of each element in the context of the IT industry have been analysed and enumerated below. Porter’s framework, however, does not address three important variables variables-Government and Regulatory Interventions, Technological Changes, and Growth and Volatility of Market Demand. These variables have been included in the model proposed by George Day (Day, 1990), which evolved from Porter’s model and have been analysed in this study study. Aparna Parthasarathy –PGXPM 05-Term5 Page 5 Strategic Management – Industry Analysis Assignment 2009 Â  Degree of rivalry denotes the intensity of competition within the industry. As the industry is still in its growth stage, there is enough room for expansion for existing players and new entrants. With the entry of many multinational companies (MNC) are opening their operations in India to leverage the low cost advantage provided by India, has increased the completion ratio (CR) of the industry. 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Things change at such a rapid rate, and many of the technologies are so fluid, that a shift in direction can occur in weeks rather than months. If we think that todays Internet and e-commerce opportunities are technically advanced, we have not seen anything yet. Not only will the existing uses of the Internet get more and more advanced, but new ways will be found to exploit the opportunities it provides. The delivery of these services will not just be dependant on new formats and programming, but also on the mediums that deliver them. For this to happen, certain changes will need to take place, not just technological, but legal as well. Protection of consumers needs to be examined, as well as

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Government in United States of America essays In this essay I will give a short history of the government in United States of America (U.S.). Then I will describe each of the three branches of government in the U.S. and the relationship between In principle, the U.S. is a democratic republic, they govern themselves by choosing their leaders by secret ballot, and these leaders in turn make the rules. Americans started "governing themselves" as a nation on July 4th, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia by representatives of the thirteen British colonies in North America. These states joined together formally in 1781 under a first "constitution," the Articles of Confederation. That loose union of the states was replaced by the Constitution of the U.S. in 1789. This document (amended 26 times) is still the political foundation of the U.S. Being based on a written constitution, the U.S. government is committed in principle to the rule of law. To guarantee the rights of free speech, a free press, freedom of religion etc. the first ten amendments, called the "Bill of Rights" were adopted in 1791. There are three levels of government in the U.S. Local government (city/county), state government, and federal government. Here I will pay most attention to the federal government. Many of the concepts of the U.S. government can be traced to progressive thinkers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, e.g. Locke, Spinoza, Blackstone, and Montesquiueu. Out of some of their thoughts the U.S. government system with the three branches were made: A legislative branch (Congress), an Executive branch (President), and a judicial branch (Supreme Court). The Constitution is most of all a document of checks and balances: among the three branches of the federal government; and between the levels of The legislative branch (Congress) that has the power to make laws valid for the whole country. Powers like the regulation of taxes...

The Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Applications Of The Pigeonhole Principle Mathematics Essay

Applications Of The Pigeonhole Principle Mathematics Essay We begin our discussion with a common daily embarrassing moment. Suppose that in ones dresser drawer, he has socks of three different colours (all placed in messy order). Having to get up early in the morning while it is still dark, how does he ensure that he gets a matching pair of same coloured socks in the most convenient way without disturbing his partner? While, the answer is simple! He just has to take 4 socks from the drawer! The answer behind this is of course, the Pigeonhole Principle which we will be exploring in this Maths Project. What is the Pigeonhole Principle then? Let me give you an example to illustrate this principle. For instance, there are 3 pigeonholes around. A pigeon is delivering 4 mails and has to place all its mails into the available pigeonholes. With only 3 pigeonholes around, there bound to be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails!. Thus, the general rule states when there are k pigeonholes and there are k+1 mails, then they will be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails. A more advanced version of the principle will be the following: If mn + 1 pigeons are placed in n pigeonholes, then there will be at least one pigeonhole with m + 1 or more pigeons in it. The Pigeonhole Principle sounds trivial but its uses are deceiving astonishing! Thus, in our project, we aim to learn and explore more about the Pigeonhole Principle and illustrate its numerous interesting applications in our daily life. We begin with the following simple example: 2. Pigeonhole Principle and the Birthday problem We have always heard of people saying that in a large group of people, it is not difficult to find two persons with their birthday on the same month. For instance, 13 people are involved in a survey to determine the month of their birthday. As we all know, there are 12 months in a year, thus, even if the first 12 people have their birthday from the month of January to the month of December, the 13th person has to have his birthday in any of the month of January to December as well. Thus, we are right to say that there are at least 2 people who have their birthday falling in the same month. In fact, we can view the problem as there are 12 pigeonholes (months of the year) with 13 pigeons (the 13 persons). Of course, by the Pigeonhole Principle, there will be at least one pigeonhole with 2 or more pigeons! Heres another example of the application of Pigeonhole Principle with peoples relationship: 3. Pigeonhole Principle and problems on relations Assume that the relation `to be acquainted with is symmetric: if Peter is acquainted with Paul, then Paul is acquainted with Peter. Suppose that there are 50 people in the room. Some of them are acquainted with each other, while some not. Then we can show that there are two persons in the room who have equal numbers of acquaintances. Lets assume that there is one person in the room that has no acquaintance at all, then the others in the room will have either 1, 2, 3, 4, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48 acquaintance, or do not have acquaintance at all. Therefore we have 49 pigeonholes numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48 and we have to distribute between them 50 pigeons. So, there are at least two persons that have the same number of acquaintance with the others. Next, if everyone in the room has at least one acquaintance, we will still have 49 pigeonholes numbered 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 48, 49 and we have to be distribute between them 50 pigeons! Also, we can apply the Pigeonhole Principle in the proving of numerical properties. The following are two of such examples: 4. Pigeonhole Principle and divisibility Consider the following random list of 12 numbers say, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 23, 34, 55, 67, 78 and 83. Is it possible to choose two of them such that their difference is divisible by 11? Can we provide an answer to the problem by applying the Pigeonhole Principle? There are 11 possible remainders when a number is divided by 11: 0, 1, 2, 3, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., 9, 10. But we have 12 numbers. If we take the remainders for pigeonholes and the numbers for pigeons, then by the Pigeon-Hole Principle, there are at least two pigeons sharing the same hole, ie two numbers with the same remainder. The difference of these two numbers is thus divisible by 11! In fact, in our example, there are several answers as the two numbers whose difference is divisible by 11 could be 4 15; 34 67 or 6 83. 5. Pigeonhole Principle and numerical property We can also apply the Pigeonhole Principle in determining useful numerical properties. Consider a sequence of any 7 distinct real numbers. Is it possible to select two of them say x and y, which satisfy the inequality that 0 The problem sounds difficult as we may need to consider more advanced calculus and trigonometrical methods in the determination of the result. Well, to answer the above problem, one will be surprised to know that we just need a simple trigonometrical identity and apply the Pigeonhole Principle! Before proceeding to answer the problem, we first note that given any real number x, we can always find a real number a where n1 = tan a1, n2 = tan a2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., n7 = tan a7 Now, if we were to divide the interval (-p, p) into 6 equal intervals, we obtain the following sub-intervals: ( -p, -p ), [ -p, -p ), [ -p, 0 ) , [ 0, p ), [p,p ) and [p, p ). For the 7 distinct numbers a1, a2, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.a7, by the Pigeonhole Principle, there should be two values say, ai and aj such that aI > aj and ai aj are in the same interval! For these two values ai and aj, we should have 0 We may recall an important trigonometrical identity: B ) = . Thus, if ni = ai and nj = aj , then = = tan ( ai aj ) As 0 0 and so, 0 which is the result we are seeking! We may also apply the Pigeonhole Principle in the proving of useful daily geometrical results.. The following examples illustrate such usages: 6. Pigeonhole Principle and Geometry a. Dartboard applications Another common type of problem requiring the pigeonhole principle to solve are those which involve the dartboard. In such questions, a given number of darts are thrown onto a dartboard, the general shape and size of which are known. Possible maximum distance between two certain darts is then to be determined. As with most questions involving the pigeonhole principle, the hardest part is to identify the pigeons and pigeonholes. Example 1: Seven darts are thrown onto a circular dartboard of radius 10 units. Can we show that there will always be two darts which are at most 10 units apart? To prove that the final statement is always true, we first divide the circle into six equal sectors as shown; Allowing each sector to be a pigeonhole and each dart to be a pigeon, we have seven pigeons to go into six pigeonholes. By pigeonhole principle, there is at least one sector containing a minimum of two darts. Since the greatest distance between two points lying in a sector is 10 units, the statement is proven to be true in any case. In fact, it is also possible to prove the scenario with only six darts. In such a case, the circle is this time divided into five sectors and all else follows. However, take note that this is not always true anymore with only five darts or less. Example 2: Nineteen darts are thrown onto a dartboard which is shaped as a regular hexagon with side length of 1 unit. Can we prove that there are two darts within units of each other ? Again, we identify our pigeonholes by dividing the hexagon into six equilateral triangles as shown below. With the six triangles as our pigeonholes and the 19 darts as pigeons, we find that there must be at least one triangle with a minimum of 4 darts in it. Now, considering the best case scenario, we will have to try an equilateral triangle of side 1 unit with 4 points inside. If we try to put the points as far apart from each other as possible, we will end up assigning each of the first three points to the vertices of the triangle. The last point will then be at the exact centre of the triangle. As we know that the distance from the centre of the triangle to each vertex is two-third of the altitude of this triangle, that is, units, we can see that it is definitely possible to find two darts which are units apart within the equilateral triangle! b. Encompassing problems Consider the following problem: 51 points are placed, in a random way, into a square of side 1 unit. Can we prove that 3 of these points can be covered by a circle of radius units ? To prove the result, we may divide the square into 25 equal smaller squares of side units each. Then by the Pigeonhole Principle, at least one of these small squares (so call pigeonholes) should contain at least 3 points (ie the pigeons). Otherwise, each of the small squares will contain 2 or less points which will then mean that the total number of points will be less than 50 , which is a contradiction to the fact that we have 51 points in the first case ! Now the circle circumvented around the particular square with the three points inside should have radius = = = It will be worthwhile to note the above technique can be useful in analyzing accuracy of weapons in shooting practices and tests. Next, we will like to proceed to a more creative aspect of the application of Pigeonhole Principle by showing how it can be used to design interesting games: 7. Application of pigeonhole principle in card games We like to introduce the application of pigeonhole principle in two exciting card tricks: a. Combinatorial Card Trick : Heres the trick: A magician asks an unsuspecting observer to randomly choose five cards from a standard deck of playing cards. The participant does not show these cards to the magician, but does show them to the magicians accomplice. The accomplice looks at the five cards, chooses four of them, and shows these four to the magician in a certain ordered manner. The magician immediately identifies the fifth hidden card. How does the trick work? The following is an explanation of our working strategy: (1) First of all, notice that in any hand of five cards there must be two cards of the same suit (an application of Pigeonhole Principle). The first card that the accomplice shows to the magician is one of these two cards. The other card of the same suit is never shown it is the mystery card, the card which the magician must discover. Thus, the accomplice can easily communicate the suit of the hidden card: the hidden card has same suit as the first card shown to the magician. Specifying the rank of the mystery card (ie its value) is a little trickier but can be accomplished with a little circular counting manner which we will explained below Number the cards in a suit circularly from 1(ace) to 11 (jack), 12 (queen) and 13 (king) so that 1 follows 13 i.e. the list is ordered in a clockwise direction. Now, given any two cards A and B, define distance (A,B) as the clockwise distance from A to B. It is easy to see that for any two cards A and B either distance(A,B) or distance(B,A) must always be less than or equal to 6. Again as an application of the Pigeonhole Principle, we note that if they are both 7 or more, then there will be at least 2 x 7 = 14 cards in a standard suit of cards!! Example Cards: 3 and Jack (11) distance(Jack, 3) = 5; distance (3, Jack) = 8 Cards: Ace(1) and 7 distance (Ace, 7) = 6; distance (7,Ace) = 7 (2) Our working strategy thus proceeds as follows.: From those two cards of the same suit, A and B, the accomplice shows the magician card A such that distance(A, B) is 6 or less. For example, given the choice between the three of clubs and the Jack of clubs, the accomplice reveals the Jack (since distance (Jack ,3) = 5 and distance(3, Jack)= 8). The three of clubs remains hidden. If the two same-suit cards are the five of hearts and the six of hearts, the accomplice chooses the five (since distance (5,6) = 1 but distance (6,5) = 12) leaving the six of hearts as the mystery card. (3) Finally, the accomplice arranges the last three cards to encode a number from 1 to 6 the distance from the value of first card to that of the hidden card. A quick calculation allows the magician to discover the value of the mystery card. Notice that although the magician must decode only one of 6 possibilities, it should not present a problem, even to the slowest of magicians. To facilitate the explanation for the last step involved, we may assign each card a number from 1 to 52 for ranking purpose. For example, the ace of spade can be numbered 1 (the highest ranking card), ace of heart numbered 2, ace of club numbered 3, ace of diamond numbered 4, king of spade numbered 5, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.., queen of spade numbered 9, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., jack of spade numbered 13, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., 10 of spade numbered 17, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , 2 of diamond numbered 52 (the lowest ranking card). We will now proceed to explain the last step using the following example: Example: Suppose the five cards chosen are the following: 3 of Hearts (numbered 46) 5 of Spades (numbered 37) 6 of Clubs (numbered 35) 7 of Hearts (numbered 30) 2 of Diamonds (numbered 52) The accomplice notices that the 3 and the 7 have the same suit hearts. Since the distance( 3 ,7) = 4 and distance(7, 3) = 9, the accomplice chooses the 3 as the first card to show the magician, leaving the 7 of hearts as the hidden card. The magician now knows that the suit of the mystery card is hearts. The accomplices next task is thus to let the magician know that he must add the value 4 to the number 3 to obtain the final value of 7 for the hidden card! How can he achieve this? Basically, he can arrange the other three cards in 3! = 6 ways. Based on the numbering method explained earlier, the 3 remaining cards can be ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd . In our example, the 6 of Clubs will be ranked 1, the 5 of Spades will be ranked 2 and the 2 of Diamonds will be ranked 3. The accomplice may agree with the magician earlier that the arrangement of these 3 cards represent specific numbers as shown below: Order in which 3 remaining cards are shown Number represented by the arrangement 1, 2, 3 1 1, 3, 2 2 2, 1, 3 3 2, 3, 1 4 3, 1, 2 5 3, 2, 1 6 Thus in our example, the accomplice should display the cards in the following manner: firstly, the 5 of Spades, then the 2 of Diamonds and lastly, the 6 of Clubs ! b. Permutation Card Trick: Heres the trick: A magician asks an unsuspecting observer to randomly arrange 10 cards which are labelled 1 to 10 in a hidden face down manner. The participant does not show the arrangement of these cards to the magician, but does show them to the magicians accomplice. The accomplice looks at the ten cards and flips over six of the cards in a certain ordered manner to reveal their values to the magician. The magician immediately identifies the values of the four remaining unknown cards. How does the trick work? We first note that by applying the Pigeonhole Principle, we can show that in any permutation of 10 distinct numbers there exists an increasing subsequence of at least 4 numbers or a decreasing subsequence of at least 4 numbers. (refer next section of our discussion). These are the numbers that remain hidden in our trick. The magician will know that the sequence is increasing if the accomplice flips over the other six cards from the left to right and it is decreasing if the other six cards are flipped over from the right to the left. We will now proceed to explain the trick behind the game: The trick behind the game: Given any sequence of mn+1 real numbers, some subsequence of (m+1) numbers is increasing or some subsequence of (n+1) numbers is decreasing. We shall prove the result by Contradiction method. Assume that the result is false. For each number x in the sequence, we have the ordered pair (i,  j), where i is the length of the longest increasing subsequence beginning with x, and j is the length of the longest decreasing subsequence ending with x. Then, since the result is false, 1  £ i  £ m and 1  £ j  £ n. Thus we have mn+1 ordered pairs, of which at most mn are distinct. Hence by the Pigeonhole Principle, two members of the sequence, say a and b, are associated with the same ordered pair (s,  t). Without loss of generality, we may assume that a precedes b in the sequence. If a Thus, in our trick, we should have an increasing subsequence of at least (3+1) numbers or a decreasing subsequence of at least ( 3+ 1) numbers in a permutation of (33+ 1) distinct numbers! Here is an example of how the trick can be performed: Example Suppose the participant arranges the 10 cards in the following manner (value faced down from left to right): 3, 5, 8, 10, 1, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9. Upon careful inspection, the accomplice notices that an increasing subsequence can be 3, 5, 8, 10 while a decreasing subsequence can be 10, 7, 4, 2. If he decides to use the increasing subsequence, he should leave the first four cards untouched and flips the other six cards over in a leftward manner as shown: 1 7 4 2 6 9 Direction of flip The magician on realising that the four missing numbers are 3, 5, 8 and 10 and the leftward direction of flip, will thus proclaim the 4 hidden numbers to be 3, 5, 8, and 10 respectively! If the accomplice decides to use the decreasing subsequence, he should leave the cards bearing the numbers 10, 7, 4, 2 untouched and flips the other six cards over in a rightward manner as shown: 3 5 8 1 6 9 Direction of flip The magician on realising that the four missing numbers are 2, 4, 7 and 10 and the rightward direction of flip, will thus proclaim the 4 hidden numbers (from left to right) to be 10, 7, 4, 2 respectively! 8. Conclusion Although the Pigeonhole Principle seems simple and trivial, it is extremely useful in helping one to formulate and facilitate calculation and proving steps for numerous important Mathematical results and applications. We have included just a substantial amount of its applications in our project discussion. More importantly, we will like to show that a simple Mathematical concept like the Pigeonhole Principle does have numerous interesting and beneficial application in our daily life! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ End of Report ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Contrasting Old Mother Savage and The Tell-Tale Heart Essay -- compari

Contrasting Old Mother Savage and The Tell-Tale Heart Writers may use different techniques to get the same effect out of the audience. In the short story, "Old Mother Savage" by Guy Du Maupassant, a tragic story of a woman who losses everything is told. The story is scary in that it has an ending that one would not expect. Also, it can be looked at as a sad story because the mother seems to be sad throughout the entire story. At the end the only thing that she has to be satisfied about is that her murdering four young men can make other women feel how she felt when she found out about the death of her son. This story can be compared to Edgar Allen Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", when you talk about the strategies that both authors use to make the audience frightened. They both describe scenes in full detail to give the effect of disgust. However, Du Maupassant, makes the audience feel sorry for the mother in this story turning it into a tragedy instead of horror. The story starts out with two men walking through a forest. One of the men recognizes an abandoned house. The house is described as "...a skeleton still standing, yet ruined and sinister" (Du Maupassant, 1). The speaker asks the man he is walking with what happened to the people who lived in it. The other starts explaining that the father was killed and that during the war, the son was sent to fight leaving the mother by herself. It was said that no one bothered her since everyone in the town thought she had money. It was said that she hardly ever laughed, but that was normal for women of that time: "The women suffer with sad and restricted souls, their life being solemn and hard" (Du Maupassant, 2). With this thought in mind it seems as if the peopl... ...t the woman as being a hero. She is what we consider a "good guy" not because she has killed innocent people, but because she has taken charge of a situation, which is out of the ordinary for women to do. This is a far contrast from Poes' ending. In his story the speaker confesses to killing the old man because the mans' heart, which at that point the reader knows is the speakers conscious is annoying him. At the end of his story the audience is glad that the speaker is caught. Both "Old Mother Savage", by Guy Du Maupassant and "The Tell-Tale Heart", by Edgar Allen Poe, offer a look into the other side of tragedies. In both we get to see the reasoning behind the killings of innocent people. The difference between the two is in one case the audience is left feeling sad for the killer, while in the other we are glad that justice is served.

Impact of gamma rays on the germination

To find out LD50 dose for the seed and urther investigate the influence on germination and seedling parameters. The experimental results revealed that the percentage of germination had decreased after irradiation and the effect become stronger with increase of gamma dose. Parameters such as germination percentage, speed ot germination, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value had significantly decreased with increased irradiation doses. Similarly seedling parameters viz. , Root length, Shoot length, Vigour index and Root/Shoot length ratio expressed higher reduction at higher doses as compared to non irradiated control.The study clearly indicated ncrease in the deleterious effects of gamma irradiation at regular intervals, with attainment of LD50 at a dose of 1. 50 kGy. Keywords: Gamma irradiation, Groundnut, Seed germination, Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. ) is popularly known as peanut. It is one of the world ‘s most popular oil seed crops, cultivated in more than 100 countries of six continents. It is the single largest source of edible oils in India and constitutes roughly about 50 percent of the total oilseeds production.Among the major Groundnut growing states there has been consistent increase in area under cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. The groundnut seed mainly comprised of protein, fat, carbohydrate which make it sensitive to radiation induced stress. Among the environmental stresses, the radiation is the most important factor, which limits production of groundnut. This would result in drastic reduction in crop yield and magnitude of reduction would depend on groundnut varieties. Not only the yield of Groundnut but also the quality of products decreases under radiation stress.The seed stage is a convenient phase in the plant's life cycle for use in radiological studies to determine relative radio sensitivity of species and the effects of various actors on radio sensitivity. Earlier experiments in this field have indicated that io nizing radiation could cause permanent genetical effects, lethal or beneficial mutations, morphological modifications and other effects in plants. Several factors may be involved in the inhibition of germination and the growth of the plants from seeds following their exposure to high irradiation doses.A number of radiobiological parameters are commonly used in early assessment of effectiveness of radiation. Methods based on physiological changes such as inhibition of seed germination and hoot and root elongation have been reported for detection of irradiated legumes. Therefore, in present study the response of groundnut seed (cv. Narayan') to gamma radiation stress on germination and seedling parameters of groundnut was investigated compared to non irradiated seed. ASIAN J. EXP. BIOL. SCI. VOL 4 (1) 2013 61 Impact of Gama Rays on the Seed Germination and Seedling Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ M. Aparna et al. MATERIALS AND METHODS T he material for the present study comprised of seed of groundnut variety Narayan'. 100 seeds were taken in 0. 1 mm thick polythene bags of 1 5 X 22cm dimension and ealed. The bags were exposed to gamma irradiation wit n doses ot O 1. 30, 1. 50, 1. 70, 1. 90, 2. 10 and 2. 30 kGy. Samples were irradiated in continuous gamma sterilization plant (GC 5000, designed by Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Mumbai) with 444 TBq (12000Ci) and Cobalt60 source with a specific activity of 3. 01 kGy/hour at Quality Control Laboratory, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad- 500 030 and were compared with the observations made on untreated control. The material for irradiation was placed in an irradiation chamber located in vertical drawer inside the Lead flask. Radiation field was provided by a set of stationary Cobalt60 source placed in a cylindrical cage. The source was doubly encapsulated in corrosion resistant stainless steel pencils and was tested in acco rdance with international standards. Two access holes of 8 mm diameter were provided of service sleeves for gasses, thermocouple etc. Mechanism for rotating/stirring samples during irradiation is also incorporated. The quantity of absorbed dose (kGy) can be defined as the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of the matter at the point of interest. The experiment was carried out as per Completely Randomized Design CRD). The irradiated seed along with nonirradiated control were sown in petridishes in the laboratory. Data on germination and seedling parameters were recorded seven days after sowing under ambient condition. Germination percentage was calculated using the formula as per ISTA [10].Speed of germination of the given sample was calculated according to the formula given by Maguire [16]. Similarly, other germination parameters viz. , Mean daily germination, Peak value (Edwards [9]) and Germination value (Czebator [7]) were calculated. Seedling parameters like Shoot and root length were measured using ten seedlings ollected at random from each sample on 7th day from the seeds subjected to germination test. The shoot and root length were measured in centimeters (cm) using a scale and root/shoot length ratio was calculated using the estimates of seedling length.

Ergative Verbs and Processes in English Grammar

In grammar and morphology, ergative  is a verb that can be used in a construction in which the same noun phrase can serve as a subject when the verb is intransitive, and as a direct object when the verb is transitive. In general, ergative verbs tend to communicate a change of state, position, or movement. In an ergative language (such as Basque or Georgian, but not English), ergative is the grammatical case that identifies the noun phrase as the subject of a transitive verb. R.L. Trask draws this broad distinction between ergative languages and nominative languages (which include English): Roughly, ergative languages focus their articulation on the agency of the utterance, while nominative languages focus on the subject of the sentence (Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2007). Etymology:  From the Greek, working Observation on ​the Modern American Usage   In the mid-20th century, grammarians devised the term ergative to describe a verb that can be used (1) in the active voice with a normal subject (actor) and object (the thing acted on) [I broke the window]; (2) in the passive voice, with the recipient of the verbs action as the subject of the sentence (and most often the actors becoming the object of a by-phrase) [the window was broken by me]; or (3) in what one textbook called the third way, active in form but passive in sense [the window broke]. Ergative verbs show remarkable versatility. For example, you might say that he is running the machine or the machine is running, she spun the top or the top spun, the crew decided to split the rail or the rail split at that point.(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Downing and Locke on Ergative Pairs When the Affected object of a transitive clause (e.g. the bell) is the same as the Affected subject of an intransitive clause, we have an ergative alternation or ergative pair, as in I rang the bell (transitive) and the bell rang (intransitive). . . . English marks both the subject of an intransitive clause and that of an intransitive clause as nominative, and the object of the transitive as accusative. We can see this in the two meanings of leave: he left (went away, intrans.), he left them (abandon trans.). . . .Ergative pairs account for many of the most commonly used verbs in English, some of which are listed below, with examples: burn Ive burned the toast. The toast has burned.break The wind broke the branches. The branches broke.burst She burst the balloon. The balloon burst.close He closed his eyes. His eyes closed.cook Im cooking the rice. The rice is cooking.fade The sun has faded the carpet. The carpet has faded.freeze The low temperature has frozen the milk. The milk has frozen.melt The heat has melted the ice. The ice has melted.run Tim is running the bathwater. The bathwater is running.stretch I stretched the elastic. The elastic stretched.tighten He tightened the rope. The rope tightened.wave Someone waved a flag. A flag waved. Within this alteration — described here as an ergative pair — there is a set of basically intransitive volitional activities (walk, jump, march) in which the second participant is involved either willingly or unwillingly. The control exerted by the Agent predominates in the causative-transitive: He walked the dogs in the park. The dogs walked.He jumped the horse over the fence. The horse jumped over a fence.The sergeant marched the soldiers. The soldiers marched. It is also possible to have an additional agent and an additional causative verb in the transitive clauses of ergative pairs; for example, The child got his sister to ring the bell, Mary made Peter boil the water.(Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course. Routledge, 2006) The Difference Between Transitive Processes and Ergative Processes What distinguishes a transitive from an ergative process? Characteristic of transitive processes (e.g., chase, hit, kill) is that they are Actor-centered: their most central participant is the Actor, and the Actor-Process complex is grammatically more nuclear and relatively more independent ([Kristin] Davidse 1992b: 100). The basic Actor-Process complex can be extended only to include a Goal, as in The lion is chasing the tourist. Ergative processes such as break, open and roll, in contrast, are Medium-centered, with the Medium as most nuclear participant (Davidse 1992b: 110) (e.g., The glass broke). The basic Medium-Process constellation can only be opened up to include an Instigator, as in The cat broke the glass. While the transitive Goal is a totally inert Affected, the ergative Medium co-participates in the process (Davidse 1992b: 118). In ergative one-participant constructions such as The glass broke, this active coparticipation of the Medium in the process is foregrounded and the Medium is presented as semi- or quasi-autonomous (Davidse 1998b).(Liesbet Heyvaert, A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Nominalization in English. Mouton de Gruyter, 2003) Ergative Languages and Nominative Languages An ergative language is one in which the subject of an intransitive verb (e.g., Elmo in Elmo runs home) is treated in grammatical terms (word order, morphological marking) similarly to the patient of a transitive verb (e.g., Bert in Elmo hits Bert) and differently from the agent of a transitive verb (Elmo in Elmo hits Bert). Ergative languages contrast with nominative languages such as English; in English, both the subject of the intransitive verb (Elmo runs home) and the agent of a transitive verb (Elmo hits Bert) are placed before the verb, whereas the patient of a transitive verb is placed after the verb (Elmo hits Bert).(Susan Goldin-Meadow, Language Acquisition Theories. Language, Memory, and Cognition in Infancy and Early Childhood, ed. by Janette B. Benson and Marshall M. Haith. Academic Press, 2009) Example Sentences In English, for example, the grammar in the two sentences Helen opened the door and The door opened is quite different, though the agency of the event might be thought of as being the same. A language with an ergative case would articulate these relationships very differently. Examples of ergative languages include Basque, Inuit, Kurdish, Tagalog, Tibetan and many native Australian languages like Dyirbal.(Robert Lawrence Trask and Peter Stockwell, Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2007) From Diversity and Stability and Language [E]rgativity is a recessive feature (Nichols 1993), that is, a feature which is almost always lost by at least some daughter languages in a family and is not readily borrowed in contact situations. Thus, though not always inherited, when found in a language it is more likely to have been inherited than borrowed. Therefore, ergativity can be an important component of the grammatical signature of a language family: not every daughter language has it, but its mere presence in several or most languages of the family helps characterize the family and identify languages belonging to the family.(Johanna Nichols, Diversity and Stability in Language. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, ed. by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda. Blackwell, 2003) Pronunciation: ER-ge-tiv