Thursday, December 26, 2019

Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Conquistador and Explorer

Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa (1475–1519) was a Spanish conquistador, explorer, and administrator. He is best known for leading the first European expedition to sight the Pacific Ocean, or the South Sea as he referred to it. He is still remembered and venerated in Panama as a heroic explorer. Fast Facts: Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa Known For: First European sighting of the Pacific Ocean and colonial governance in what is now PanamaBorn: 1475 in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros, Extremadura province, CastileParents: Differing historical accounts of parents names: his family was noble but no longer wealthySpouse: Marà ­a de Peà ±alosaDied: January 1519 in Acla, near present-day Darià ©n, Panama Early Life Nuà ±ez de Balboa was born into a noble family that was no longer wealthy. His father and mother were both of noble blood in Badajoz, Spain and Vasco was born in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros in 1475. Although noble, Balboa could not hope for much in the way of even a meager inheritance, as he was the third of four sons. All titles and lands were passed to the eldest; younger sons generally went into the military or clergy. Balboa opted for the military, spending time as a page and squire at the local court. America By 1500, word had spread all over Spain and Europe of the wonders of the New World and the fortunes being made there. Young and ambitious, Balboa joined the expedition of Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1500. The expedition was mildly successful in raiding the northeastern coast of South America. In 1502, Balboa landed in Hispaniola with enough money to set himself up with a small pig farm. He was not a very good farmer, however, and by 1509 he was forced to flee his creditors in Santo Domingo. Back to the Darien Balboa stowed away (with his dog) on a ship commanded by Martà ­n Fernà ¡ndez de Enciso, who was heading to the recently-founded town of San Sebastià ¡n de Urabà ¡ with supplies. He was quickly discovered and Enciso threatened to maroon him, but the charismatic Balboa talked him out of it. When they reached San Sebastià ¡n they found that natives had destroyed it. Balboa convinced Enciso and the survivors of San Sebastià ¡n (led by Francisco Pizarro) to try again and establish a town, this time in the Darià ©n—a region of dense jungle between present-day Colombia and Panama. Santa Marà ­a la Antigua del Darià ©n The Spaniards landed in the Darià ©n and were quickly beset by a large force of natives under the command of Cà ©maco, a local chieftain. Despite the overwhelming odds, the Spanish prevailed and founded the city of Santa Marà ­a la Antigua de Darià ©n on the site of Cà ©macos old village. Enciso, as ranking officer, was put in charge but the men detested him. Clever and charismatic, Balboa rallied the men behind him and removed Enciso by arguing that the region was not part of the royal charter of Alonso de Ojeda, Encisos master. Balboa was one of two men quickly elected to serve as mayors of the city. Veragua Balboas stratagem of removing Enciso backfired in 1511. It was true that Alonso de Ojeda (and therefore, Enciso) had no legal authority over Santa Marà ­a, which had been founded in an area referred to as Veragua. Veragua was the domain of Diego de Nicuesa, a somewhat unstable Spanish nobleman who had not been heard from in some time. Nicuesa was discovered in the north with a handful of bedraggled survivors from an earlier expedition, and he decided to claim Santa Marà ­a for his own. The colonists preferred Balboa, however, and Nicuesa was not even allowed to go ashore: Indignant, he set sail for Hispaniola but was never heard from again. Governor Balboa was effectively in charge of Veragua at this point and the crown reluctantly decided to simply recognize him as governor. Once his position was official, Balboa quickly began organizing expeditions to explore the region. The local tribes of indigenous natives were not united and were powerless to resist the Spanish, who were better armed and disciplined. The colonizers collected much gold and pearls through their military power, which in turn drew more men to the settlement. They began hearing rumors of a great sea and a rich kingdom to the south. Expedition to the South The narrow strip of land which is Panama and the northern tip of Colombia runs east to west, not north to south as some might suppose. Therefore, when Balboa, along with about 190 Spaniards and a handful of natives, decided to search for this sea in 1513, they headed mostly south, not west. They fought their way through the isthmus, leaving many wounded behind with friendly or conquered chieftains. On September 25, Balboa and a handful of battered Spaniards (Francisco Pizarro was among them) first saw the Pacific Ocean, which they named the â€Å"South Sea.† Balboa waded into the water and claimed the sea for Spain. Pedrarà ­as Dà ¡vila The Spanish crown, still with some lingering doubt over whether or not Balboa had correctly handled Enciso, sent a massive fleet to Veragua (now named Castilla de Oro) under the command of veteran soldier Pedrarà ­as Dà ¡vila. Fifteen hundred men and women flooded the tiny settlement. Dà ¡vila had been named governor to replace Balboa, who accepted the change with good humor, although the colonists still preferred him to Dà ¡vila. Dà ¡vila proved to be a poor administrator and hundreds of settlers died, mostly those who had sailed with him from Spain. Balboa tried to recruit some men to explore the South Sea without Dà ¡vila knowing, but he was found out and arrested. Vasco and Pedrarà ­as Santa Marà ­a had two leaders: officially, Dà ¡vila was governor, but Balboa was more popular. They continued to clash until 1517 when it was arranged for Balboa to marry one of Dà ¡vila’s daughters. Balboa married Marà ­a de Peà ±alosa despite an obstacle: she was in a convent in Spain at the time and they had to marry by proxy. In fact, she never left the convent. Before long, the rivalry flared up again. Balboa left Santa Marà ­a for the small town of Aclo with 300 of those who still preferred his leadership to that of Dà ¡vila. He was successful in establishing a settlement and building some ships. Death Fearing the charismatic Balboa as a potential rival, Dà ¡vila decided to get rid of him once and for all. Balboa was arrested by a squad of soldiers led by Francisco Pizarro as he made preparations to explore the Pacific coast of northern South America. He was hauled back to Aclo in chains and quickly tried for treason against the crown: The charge was that he had tried to establish his own independent fiefdom of the South Sea, independent from that of Dà ¡vila. Enraged, Balboa shouted out that he was a loyal servant of the crown, but his pleas fell on deaf ears. He was beheaded in January of 1519 along with four of his companions (there are conflicting accounts of the exact date of the execution). Without Balboa, the colony of Santa Marà ­a quickly failed. Where he had cultivated positive ties with local natives for trade, Dà ¡vila enslaved them, resulting in short-term economic profit but long-term disaster for the colony. In 1519, Dà ¡vila forcibly moved all of the settlers to the Pacific side of the isthmus, founding Panama City, and by 1524 Santa Marà ­a had been razed by angry natives. Legacy The legacy of Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa is brighter than that of many of his contemporaries. While many  conquistadors, such as  Pedro de Alvarado,  Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s,  and  Pà ¡nfilo de Narvaez  are today remembered for cruelty, exploitation, and inhuman treatment of natives, Balboa is remembered as an explorer, fair administrator, and popular governor who made his settlements work. As for relations with natives, Balboa was guilty of his share of atrocities, including enslavement and setting his dogs on homosexual men in one village. In general, however, he is thought to have dealt with his native allies well, treating them with respect and friendship which translated into beneficial trade and food for his settlements. Although he and his men were the first to see the Pacific Ocean while heading west from the New World, it would be  Ferdinand Magellan  who would get the credit for naming it when he rounded the southern tip of South America in 1520. Balboa is best remembered in  Panama, where many streets, businesses, and parks bear his name. There is a stately monument in his honor in Panama City (a district of which bears his name) and the national currency is called the Balboa. There is even a lunar crater named after him. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez De Balboa.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 18 Dec. 2009.Thomas, Hugh.  Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan.  Random House, 2005.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Comparing The Scarlet Letter, Flowers, And The Comet

For centuries, humans have related nature to their lives in any way, shape, or form as a way of coping with or understanding their current situations. No matter how intricate or complex human nature is, we, as humans, still use nature and the colors presented in nature to explain events or fears. Within the novel The Scarlet Letter, flowers, the land on which the cabin lies, clothing and their colors, the woods, and the comet are used to further explain situations in which characters find themselves in. Flowers within the town and the homes of the town reveal the truth behind certain places and people. The land of the cabin is paralleled to Hester herself and the world in which she finds herself. The colors of their dresses and†¦show more content†¦The land on which Hester’s cabin lies is also a direct parallel to Hester and her life. The test states, â€Å" It had been built by an earlier settler, and abandoned, because the soil about it was too sterile for cultivat ion,† (Hawthorne 121). This quotation proves that the land was deemed infertile and no one believed that anything could be grown. However, Hester manages to grow a few small plants. Even from a few plants, she still managed to grow something from what was given to her. This same idea is repeated throughout her life. After, having Pearl, she was an outcast, yet she still was able to make herself into a well known talented embroideress. She was also still able to support herself and Pearl even though she was given nothing but shame. This proves that Hester is not what the Puritanical society sees her as. She is more than they think she is because, just as the infertile land, she was able to make something from nothing. Hester and Pearl’s clothing and color of the clothing also reveals their true position in society. Their strict society wears quite basic clothing which has only begun to be adorned with Hester’s embroidery. Right from the beginning, Hester shows tha t she is defiant, no matter the circumstances which she is under. When she emerges from the jail, the red letter immediately proves that she does not follow societal norms. The novel states, â€Å" On the breast of her gown, in

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

My Smoking Habit Essay Example For Students

My Smoking Habit Essay Smoking, this is a very common habit for most people and just happens to be my most common habit currently. There are people that smoke and there are those who dont, sadly I am one of those who does. Now keep in mind I havent always smoked, just apparently whenever I feel it to be necessary. I have off and on smoked since I was about 18, and I believe it to be a combination of both behavioral and social. The behavioral half of this coin coming from watching family members and friends of the family smoking all around me as a child, the social side being all my high school, then college buddies doing it so I felt like I wanted to fit in and be cool like everyone else. Yes, social friend, I love thee well, In learned doctors spite; Thy clouds all other clouds dispel, And lap me in delight  (Charles Sprague, To My Cigar). So where to begin, how about at the beginning; as a child, I grew up around all my family and their friends as they all puffed away. I was constantly surrounded by people who smoked. So naturally I believe that they are my biggest influence for the reason I started smoking. I started smoking at the age of eighteen. My friends and I had entered into the world of college life. We all wanted to fit into what we preserved as the college life . My friends from high school, as well as those from college, have played a significant part in my decision to smoke cigarettes. From a behavioral standpoint, I honestly believe that all the growing up around constant smokers played an adamant part in my growing up to eventually smoke. So as I mentioned in the beginning I havent always been a smoker, obviously I wasnt a smoker as a child, but once I was at legal age and knew that I had full accessibility to smoke, followed with the help of my college buddies, I began my journey into the world of smoking. I currently smoke and question myself almost on a daily basis, why? So from the age of eighteen thru twenty I was at least a pack a day smoker. In the year 1999, my son was born into this world. This was the point in my life that I decided that I needed to quit smoking, for his sake. I was successful in not smoking for close to ten years. I landed a job on the west side of Fresno, California and as soon as I knew it, I was once in a while smoking again. Most of the guys I worked with were smokers, and of course one thing lead to another. I stopped and started a few times after that, all roads lead to where I am at currently, which is a smoker. Most personality theories can be classified in terms of two broad categories, depending on their underlying assumptions about human nature. Category 2: There are a group of theories that see human nature as plastic, flexible, and always capable of growth, change, and development. Human nature is basically benevolent; therefore bad societies are the source of personal misery. Social reform will produce human happiness if not actual perfection. These theories emphasize self-expression and self-actualization †in the cases of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, they reflect a distinctly optimistic and romantic view of life  (McGraw Hill 2002). Based off what Rogers and Maslow stated above, I have to agree and say that my habit is a socially caused habit. I still believe that there is a flipside to this smoking habit coin, and that other side is the behavioral aspect. Behavioral Theories: Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Behavioral theorists study observable and measurable behaviors, rejecting theories that take internal thoughts and feelings into account   (Kendra Cherry). That is the exact reason that I believe that there is to two sides to my habit. .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .postImageUrl , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:hover , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:visited , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:active { border:0!important; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:active , .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub77e32f9d04b3820ff00adc9c4e09b3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Identity EssaySince growing up as a child I was constantly surrounded by family and friends of the family that smoked, I believe that led me to believe that once I was of age that it would be okay for me to do the same. Operant conditioning: A process of behavior modification in which a subject is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the behavior  (The American Heritage Stedmans Medical Dictionary 2002). Since I honestly didnt know what operant conditioning was, I looked it up and found that this definition would guide me to creating a good plan on how I can change my current habit. I believe, that is I had solid positive reinforcements to help guide me through the quitting process that I could stop smoking. With that said, I am also the type of person that is very self motivated and believe that I control the power within me to just stop. I have done it in the past. The first time I made the decision to just flat out quit was when my son was born. This is my example of how a positive reinforcement helped me break my habit at that point in my life. If I had to choose between behavioral or social/cognitive, I would pick both. I say this because I honestly believe that half of my current personality comes from the things I learned as I grew up. The other half of my current personality comes from all the things I have soaked up from the time I turned eighteen and started my life as a college student, to now. Plus there have been a lot of events in my life that I can honestly say has made me the man I am today. In conclusion, all in all I have to admit that I would love to break this bad habit as most would define it. Whether it was a family trait or something I just decided to do once my buddies and I knew we could, the fact of the matter is I smoke. Maybe one day I am sure I will get to that point in my life where I am just not feeling the smoking thing, but until then, smoking is the habit I will have to live with. Bibliography: No Smoking Quotes and one liners. (2014). Retrieved from http://quotesheart.com/Quotation-Topics/Smoking-Quotes-Smoking-Sayings-One-Liners According to No Smoking Quotes And One Liners (2014), Yes, social friend, I love thee well, In learned doctors spite; Thy clouds all other clouds dispel, And lap me in delight.   Mcgraw Hill Companie, . (2002-2014). The Free Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Personality+theory Mcgraw Hill Companie (2002-2014), (Utilized the information from the general definition of behavioral personality theory for both behavioral and social/cognitive). Cherry, K. (2014). About.com/psychology. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologystudyguides/a/personalitysg_3.htm Cherry (2014), Insert the quotation   (Pg 3, Para. 4). The American Heritage  ® Stedmans Medical Dictionary, . (2002). Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/operant+conditioning The American Heritage  ® Stedmans Medical Dictionary (2002), (The Dictionary Definition).

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Competitor Exiting competitors free essay sample

Competitors are those that offer an alternative, these competitors gained market share, we can not cover and control them based on exiting product. These alternative products are always diversity such as nappy. Potential Competitors -These competitors are always threatening, they can find out new product more preeminent than exiting product, it is a question for many company they can’t guess what product is find out tomorrow. -If we can analysis exiting competitor’s strategy, we don’t know how can cover potential competitor. -So we are always improving to adapt market. We make a surveys to know what need and demand are, from that we are always improving our products for customers. Strengths -Cut down star-up capital of company based on outsourcing’s model. Using tools for manufacture product based on partner so that reduce cost of built factory, machines, training, employer’s liability insurance. -Limit risk of manufactory as all of abilities are guaranteed by contrast of partners so the risks were compensated by partners. We will write a custom essay sample on The Competitor Exiting competitors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -The product is more preeminent than others. We focus: +The qualities ensure high material from Viet Nam with high quality, do not use material from China or have no origin. +The price: balance price, target on middle stream. +Market segment is large. Weaknesses -The quantities are limited by clause of contract of partner. It is hard to control our product as well as the flexible in manufacture. -Can’t control human resource from outsourcing’s model. The company’s image is easy impacted. Opportunities -Viet Nam is a fertile market. The need of child clothes is more and more increased. -The market in neighboring country such as Lao, Cambodia. -Compare with competitors, with low price, poor quality and high quality, so high price. With outsourcing’s model, we balance between price and quality to target middle segment. -The market is more and more developing with immigrant for industrial highly as promise land such as Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai, Binh Duong. Threats -The risk from partner they can’t cover contract (product error, term contracts, standard of product) -Strategic competition from competitor when they realize our strategic. More and more competitor join fertile market. les gros poissons mangent les petits 3.3 Partners to sell Short term +Location market We focus location market such as: A. Ba Chieu market; An Dong market, Cho Lon market; Thu Duc ( Ho Chi Minh city) B. Tan Hiep market; Tan Mai market; Long Binh Tan market; Bien Hoa market. These are region concentrate industrial region so it is potential market( Dong Nai City) C. Di An market; Vsip market; Binh Duong market; Ben Cat market; Song Than market +Shopkeeper( delivery all shop) +Supermarket ( Big C, Co-op mark; Citi mark; Vinatex ) Long term +Cambodia market (target Xamat’s border; Hoa Lu border) +Lao’s market( La Bao’s border) +China’s market(Mong Cai’s border) Difference Manufacturing base on outsourcing model-non factory, cut down worker (Cut down star-up capital of company) Balance between price and quality ( good quality still keep goo price)